A biotech company that hopes to resurrect extinct species said Wednesday that it has reached an important milestone: the creation of a long-sought kind of stem cell for the closest living relative of the woolly mammoth.
“This is probably the most significant step in the early stages of this project,” said George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded Colossal Biosciences in Dallas.
The woolly mammoth was a big, shaggy species of elephant that roamed the tundra before going extinct thousands of years ago. Colossal has been working to bring the mammoth, the dodo bird and other extinct species back to life using the latest cloning and genetic engineering techniques.
And now the company says scientists have for the first time created induced pluripotent stem cells for the mammoth’s closest living relative: Asian elephants. The company plans to describe the work in a scientific paper that will be posted on the bioRxiv preprint server. It hasn’t been peer-reviewed, but the company says that’s in progress.
The achievement is still far from the ultimate goal of creating herds of giant hairy beasts roaming in the wild again, but Church said it’s a major step. “This is kind of like asking Neil Armstrong if he plans to go to Mars — kind of misses the point he just landed on the moon on Apollo 11,” Church said.
Scientists can now try to use cloning techniques and gene editing to manipulate the cells in the hopes of someday creating elephants with key traits of mammoths, such as their heavy coats and the layers of fat that enabled them to survive in cold climates.
“We don’t necessarily need to bring back a perfect genome of a mammoth, because we want one that has certain things that mammoths didn’t have. Like we want them to be resistant to the herpesvirus that is causing a huge fraction of infant elephants to die,” Church said.
